Two different stories that attracted clicks the week of April 13, 2026 aren't capturing nearly the attention they would if politicians, business execs and the public truly comprehended their meaning. One story involves a precipitous change in source and route strategy for many oil tanker owners and operators. The other reflects a rapid decline in jet fuel reserves across the entire globe that appears to be on track to exhaust supply in six weeks.
First, a bit more detail on the two stories. Merchant marine expert Sal Mercogliano noted on his YouTube channel that 121 empty oil tankers that had been waiting for some sign of sanity to return to the Gulf region have suddenly begun moving on routes taking them to US ports.
Presumably, those owners have concluded there is little likelihood in the short term of being able to safely transit the Gulf so they have obtained new contracts to haul US crude and refined products to other customers. YEA! Great for America! More revenue for US oil companies!. Right?
Uhhhhhh... No.
The second story is related to the first. Numerous outlets have cited comments from officials in Europe and Asia regarding measures to ration jet fuel supplies in anticipation of even larger supply shortages in the coming weeks - as early as mid-May. Jet fuel prices have doubled, even though gasoline and diesel prices have risen less. When three different products from the same raw material rise by such different amounts, it's a sign that the positioning of refining capacity is not evenly distributed across all markets. First, locations along the Persian Gulf PRODUCE jet fuel so now that cannot reach markets. And the CRUDE oil produced in the gulf that is shipped to refineries in Asia often creates jet fuel as one of the output products but with no CRUDE arriving, those secondary sources of jet fuel aren't producing any either.
Oil, A Fungible Market for a Non-Fungible Product
The essence of Mercogliano's analysis is based upon a key truth that must be understood about oil markets. Media often simplifies discussions about energy markets and oil by talking about "the price of oil" which not only implies there is a single price but that oil is a single fungible commodity. Oil markets are incredibly vast which does help to even out most variations in price since producers are selling into a very large demand curve. However, shipment costs DO impact pricing.
More importantly, most politicians and business types tend to treat "crude oil" as a single homogeneous product. Crude oil is absolutely not a single homogeneous product. Economists and politicians who think otherwise clearly learned nothing about logistics from the issues America experienced with toilet paper during the pandemic or with steel via Trump's tariffs.
Toilet paper is not toilet paper. There's the kind Americans buy for their own butts and the kind that corporate America buys for the butts of its employees at work. The conceptual demand is the same by (ahem... "use") regardless of where people are actually located but actual demand is not the same if suddenly everyone is working 100% at home and not at work. That's a third of demand shifting from the cheap corporate TP to the plushy consumer TP. Totally different products, totally different plants, totally different distribution networks, etc. Of course, politicians and many economists blamed it on "hording" by consumers. No... A shift of one third of the market from variety X to variety Y.
Steel is not steel. There are DOZENS of significantly different types of steel produced for use in cars, appliances, construction, etc. American firms only had viably efficient operations in a HANDFUL of varieties and had ceded the market for most other flavors to overseas companies. Suddenly imposing tariffs on foreign steel as a measure to encourage on-shoring of more steel making is of ZERO value when there is literally NO production or expertise left for specific varieties and those firms have zero trust in the government holding a steady policy position over the DECADES required to justify a huge re-investment into fixed costs.
Like TP isn't TP and steel isn't steel, oil isn't oil. Trump and his clown cabinet keep acting as though America has energy independence from the craziness in the Middle East and the chaos America is creating in the Mideast. America has absolutely ZERO independence from Middle East oil. Since 1975, the four largest refineries built have been
- Galena Park, TX, built in 2014 with current capacity of 105,000 barrels
- Lake Charles, LA, built in 1977 with current capacity of 135,500 barrels
- Garyville, LA, built in 1976 with current capacity of 597,000 barrels
- Corpus Christi, TX, built in 1975 with current capacity of 290,500 barrels
As of January 1, 2025, there were 132 active refineries in America with a total production capacity of roughly 18.4 million barrels per day. However, seventy percent of that capacity can only process heavy crude from traditional oil wells rather than the "light sweet" (meaning low sulfur) crude produced by fracking which reflects most of the growth in US oil production.
America is the economic equivalent of a panda that claims it has achieved "food independence" after inventing a clever way to boost corn production fifty percent... but is still only capable of or interested in digesting bamboo shoots. Even after fracking took off in the 1990s, American producers invested virtually nothing in increasing refining capacity for "light sweet" crude. As a result, those firms ship much of America's fracking output to overseas refiners who HAVE capacity and American producers IMPORT vast quantities of heavy crude to continue refining in their ancient plants designed for traditional well output. If the supply of THAT oil is curtailed, American consumers IMMEDIATELY see increased prices at the pump. If the cost of THAT oil spikes because of longer supply routes and greater insurance costs for war zone risks, Americans feel those spikes immediately as well. That's not energy independence. That's economic co-dependence.The analysis by Sal Mercogliano focuses on three key aspects of global crude shipments. One involves the daily volume of barrels that were previously shipped prior to the Strait being closed. Tanker routes might be twenty or thirty days long to get from point of origin to destination. If 100 full ships exited the Gulf prior to the lockdown, that means those ships arrived at their destination 20-30 days later and until that time, those destinations saw no reduction in volume. That creates a false impression of physical stability in supply. Wow, the world didn't end four days later, I guess the supply chain is more resilient than we thought.
No, those en route ships act like floating inventory and buffer destinations from shocks, until the parade of en route ships finishes arriving at the destinations with no ships behind them. The routes followed by VLCC class ships from the Persian Gulf to Asian ports can take 45 to 50 days to transit. April 16, 2026 is about 45 days after the original blockade began so those destinations are now beginning to see the last tankers arrive that escaped prior to February 28.
Mercogliano further explains those extra 121 ships will arrive at US ports tied to US oil production infrastructure that is already operating at 95% utilization for existing demand and reflects a certain balance between three distinct types of shipments:
- outgoing unrefined light sweet crude, tied to fracking production in the US
- outgoing unrefined heavy (high sulfur) crude, tied to traditional wells reflecting 1870s well technologies
- incoming refined oil products
Most of the outgoing capacity is geared towards light sweet crude since American refineries limited investments in the distinct equipment required to process it locally. The incoming capacity for refined oil products cannot be converted to handling unrefined crude. But even if it could, that incoming capacity is directly supporting domestic consumption and cannot be surrendered to outbound crude production to help world demand without completely unbalancing US domestic energy markets.
All of this makes more sense if the example is switched to the supply of fresh water in your home. If the plumbing in your house is of fixed size and already in use 100% for every hour of the day, volunteering to help local fire departments combat brush fires by filling their tanker at your home makes no sense. You don't have the parking space for dozens of trucks to park while filling and your plumbing is already 100% utilized filling your baths, dishwashers, clothes washers and sprinkler system. You can try to increase the pressure from the water company but your main was never spec'ed to handle that pressure.
Mercogliano's final point is that this large-scale redirection of empty tankers towards the US virtually guarantees at least one more supply shock, but possibly more. If ship owners have redirected ships to US ports, it confirms those owners no longer trust what Trump is saying on any particular day about whether the Strait will be "open" or whether that will mean anything regarding actual safety for crews and ships. Those parties have resigned themselves to longer routes, higher daily lease costs, higher energy bills for fuel and have accepted contracts that will pass those increases onto the buyer of the oil at the destination.
The change in the routes for existing ships also injects a square wave change in supply. Once redirected to the US, each such ship is dedicated to that route between source and destination. So each ship is now stuck on a longer interim route from its original "waiting lot" to the US as an "empty" then a MUCH LONGER route as a full load from the US to the destination. (As Mercogliano points out, none of the supertankers can use the Panama canal -- they all must sail east around Africa then back to southeast Asia.) Typical one-way routes from the Persian Gulf to Asia might be 22 days. One-way routes from US Gulf ports to Asia might be 45-50 days. This means once traffic temporarily adjusts to US sourcing, each "empty" ship committed to another US voyage pickup cannot revert to the shorter Persian Gulf trip for at least 90 days. This now means the damage done to oil supplies is now "baked in" for at least 90 days, yet we haven't even experienced the worse part of the impacts yet.
There's More Coming
The second story about jet fuel supplies is a microcosm of the larger crude supply chain ecosystem. The choice of attack targets by both the United States and Iran in attempts to make the other feel pain and concede damaged unique concentrations of refining capacity for jet fuel in Iran and Kuwait. The obvious reduction in crude volumes leaving the Persian Gulf further magnified jet fuel refining capacity at remote locations which now lack the crude required to refine it for local use.
Again, this would appear easy to explain to a child of ten just with a few diagrams and visual aids but this situation wasn't created by small children with fourth-grade math skills and a solid grasp of object permanence. Refineries take YEARS to build and require unique equipment designed to operate at massive scale that cannot be magically teleported out of a war zone or manufactured from thin air with zero notice. And energy companies in America in particular have never invested the money required to add extra capacity to sit idle waiting for disruptions like this. Instead, most American refineries operate at about 95% utilization with barely enough downtime for required maintenance.
As a final example of the folly of this thinking, ponder the response of American energy executives to Trump's coup in Venezuela and his goal of having US firms "invest" in refining capacity for Venezuelan crude to benefit the US. Only one firm (Chevron) has reach any deal to invest ANYTHING in Venezuela. No firm has agreed to build any additional refining capacity in the US for Venezuelan crude. Why? None of them trust that Venezuela is politically stable after Trump's coup. The same party is in control and Trump has already denigrated the opposition leader who actually won the most recent election. And those executives know refining investments have a 30-40 year payback and they already think fossil fuel consumption has peaked. Why modernize the buggy whip factory?
The forces at work in the jet fuel market are mirrored in the Liquid Natural Gas market as well. One of the largest production facilities in the world in Qatar was heavily damaged early on by attacks from Iran. The company that operates the plant expects repairs to take at least three years to complete, affecting up to 12.8 million tons per year of output capacity.
What does this mean for economies around the world? People are going to pay much larger fares to book flights for the holidays and will be at risk of serious disruptions even if they hold a ticket. LNG is one of the most widely used fuels for spot electrical generation required to balance supply and demand on electric grids. Higher LNG prices for the next few years combined with surging demand for AI bubble processing assures higher electric rates for business and consumers nearly everywhere. In short, inflationary forces will remain at work within nearly every economy for MONTHS after any settlement is reached.
The vast majority of politicians, "news reporters" and financial experts speculating on what happens next do not provide this larger context. It's not political. It's physics. Supertankers cannot hit a hyperspace key and suddenly insert themselves into an alternate position in an alternate reality after political leaders claim they've solved a problem and eliminated a threat. Oil companies cannot instantly replicate a ten billion dollar investment in plant to replace equipment that's been blown up.
American voters are the only people on the planet that can stop this insanity. Republican Senators and Representatives at the Federal and State level who continue to give Trump cover for this immoral, disastrous war need to be voted out across the board. The blame cannot stop after Trump attempts to claim victory and move on to the next disaster. The blame needs to stick as long as the damage sticks. And the damage here is permanent.
WTH